EAA030 Student Exposure to Infectious and Environmental Hazards
Policy Number: EAA030
Policy Title: Student Exposure to Infectious and Environmental Hazards
A. Purpose
The purpose of this policy is to educate and prevent student exposure to infectious and environmental hazards and to provide clear procedures and guidelines on how to proceed in the event a student is exposed to such hazards.
B. Persons Affected
This policy will cover students participating in the UTRGV School of Medicine (UTRGV SOM) curriculum.
C. Policy
The UTRGV SOM supports practices which secure the health of our students, staff, and faculty. The SOM particularly seeks to mitigate the potential harms which may come to a student who experiences an accidental exposure to blood-borne pathogens, through inadvertent needlestick or other route. To that end, the SOM has developed guidance and procedures for our students to follow in the event of such exposure, and further the SOM has deployed resources in Student Health Services and Employee Health Services to help students and others deal with these exposures.
Education and Evaluation
All students at UTRGV SOM and students visiting UTRGV SOM shall receive personal safety and environmental exposures training.
UTRGV SOM will provide all medical students an orientation to the infectious and environmental hazards policy of the affiliate hospital prior to commencing laboratory and/or patient care activities.
Those students with an occupational exposure to a blood borne pathogen shall have the exposure evaluated and documented by a healthcare provider following the applicable post-exposure protocol described in Appendix A of this policy.
Infection Control
Medical students, like all health care workers, bear a responsibility to prevent the spread of infection. Pursuant to that responsibility, medical students will follow universal precautions at all times.
Blood, semen, and vaginal fluids are the three most potentially infectious body fluid but other body fluids such as cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, pericardial fluid, peritoneal fluid, amniotic fluid, and unfixed body tissues should be considered potentially infectious, especially if contaminated with blood. Universal precautions should always be followed, even when handling fluids and tissues that are not normally infectious such as saliva, feces, urine, sweat, sputum, vomitus, and tears; it should be noted that these body fluids carry a greater risk of infection if contaminated with visible blood, which can result from an accidental occurrence or complication of patient contact and procedures.
Students are required to follow appropriate infection control procedures, including the use of personal protective equipment, whenever there is a risk of parenteral, cutaneous, or mucous membrane exposure to blood, body fluids, or aerosolized secretions from any patient, irrespective of the perceived risk of a blood borne or airborne pathogen. Regardless of the real or perceived communicable disease status of the patient, all students and staff should follow standard universal precautions when providing patient care.
UTRGV SOM adheres to the institutional policies of the University of Texas system regarding exposure to infectious and environmental hazards on campus, and the institutional policies of its clinical affiliates regarding exposure to infectious and environmental hazards. If a student sustains a needlestick, sharp puncture, or other exposure to body fluids, the faculty will ensure that the student is able to seek post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) within two hours of exposure after the needlestick, sharp puncture, or body fluids exposure. Faculty will provide the student with the name, address, and phone number of the nearest health care facility or emergency room that can provide PEP care. In addition, Student Health Services is prepared to provide HIV post exposure prophylaxis intervention if indicated.
Implications on Learning Activities
Students who are infected with any potentially transmissible disease will not be excluded from participating in patient-care activities or restricted in their access to patient-care services or facilities because of their health status, unless medically based judgements in individual cases establish that exclusion or restriction is appropriate for the welfare of patients, the welfare of other members of the patient-care community, or the welfare of the individual.
If a student has an infectious disease or is exposed to an infectious disease and must be monitored for a period pf time or their education must be affected, an ad hoc committee is convened by the Senior Associate Dean for Educational Affairs or designee. The ad hoc committee includes the Senior Associate Dean for Educational Affairs or Admissions or designee, the Director or a designee from the Student Health Center, an expert in employee/occupational health, an infectious disease expert on the relevant pathogen, the appropriate Assistant Dean for Education, the Director or designee from the UTRGV Student Accessibility Services, and (if consent is provided by the student) the student's primary care or specialist physician. The committee shall consider (a) whether and to what extent the student may work in the clinical setting; an (b) what specific precautions or restrictions should be imposed to ensure safety due to risk to self/patients/coworkers. The committee will provide their findings and recommendations to the appropriate Assistant Dean, who will in collaboration with faculty colleagues design an individual study plan for the student. The student's academic advisor will be apprised of the study plan and provide appropriate support.
If not study plan can be devised which allows the student to maintain satisfactory academic progress and achieve curricular objectives, the student will be advised accordingly and offered other topics, including leave of absence.
If alternative plans are required, such as leave of absence, the student will follow SOM procedures as outlined in EAA010 Medical Student Leave of Absence Policy.
APPENDIX A
PROCEDURES FOR STUDENT EPOSURE TO INFECTIOUS DISEASE
Prevention and Education Protocol
All students will receive training in universal precautions prior to seeing patients. This training will meet the minimum requirements for students as outlined in The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley Bloodborne Pathogen Exposure Control Plan at this link: https://www.utrgv.edu/ehsrm/_files/documents/lab-safety/bloodborne-pathogen-control-plan.pdf
Students must complete the following safety modules yearly:
-OSHA Blood Borne Pathogens (BBP)
-Airborne exposures (i.e. Tuberculosis) Safety Training
-Active Shooter Training
-Infection Control
All medical students will also receive an orientation to the infectious and environmental hazards policy of the affiliate hospital prior to commencing laboratory and/or patient care activities.
The sponsoring host faculty member at UTRGV SOM is responsible for ensuring that all visiting students receive the appropriate training and orientation prior to starting laboratory or clinical work at UTRGV or one of its clinical affiliates. In addition, the sponsoring host faculty member is responsible for ensuring the proper procedures are followed in the event of potential exposure.
Infection Control Precautions
- Always wash hands before and after patient contact, according to the policy of the clinical site, even if gloves are used.
- Always wear gloves when exposure to blood, body fluids, and other body excretions is likely.
- Use gloves appropriately according to aseptic and/or sterile techniques and always change gloves between patients.
- Wear gowns/aprons when soiling of clothing with blood or body fluids is likely.
- Wear masks, face shields, and eye protection when aerosolization of blood or body fluids may occur.
- Dispose of sharps in designated rigid sharp containers. Never recap needles by hand.
- Dispose of waste saturated with blood or body fluids in designated red biohazardous waste containers
Post-Exposure Protocol
Handling of and exposure to body fluids is routine in medical practice. Hazardous exposure - a needle stick or splash or inhalation - is not routine but may nevertheless happen. If you are exposed in a potentially hazardous way, please remember to take these steps:
- Apply first aid. Wash and rinse the wound or exposed area thoroughly with soap and water.
- Say something. Report the exposure promptly to an attending or resident or charge nurse and Student Health Services. Especially for a needle stick blood exposure, timing is crucial. According to the CDC, evaluation and initiation of preventive treatment, if indicated, should occur within 2 hours of exposure.
- Get care in the nearest facility you can access within 2 hours. If you are at one of our partner hospitals, go to the ER. If you are in an office or clinic, speak to your faculty preceptor. Comply with all policies and procedures at the clinical site, including creating an Incident Report and having yourself and the source patient tested.
- Follow the protocol. If a potentially hazardous exposure occurred, then have blood drawn from you to be tested for HIV antibody, Hep B surface antigen, and Hep C antibody as well as from the source patient.
- Get PEP - post-exposure prophylaxis - if indicated. This is not a judgment you should make by yourself but rather by a clinician at your site. If in doubt, or if no one is immediately available, call Student Health Service (665-2511) or Dean on Call (296-2502).
Follow-up with Student Health Services. Complete paperwork - file insurance claim to cover charges for care - arrange to receive results of tests. Student Health Services can be reached at 956-665-2511 during working hours. If the exposure occurs after working hours, report to Student Health Services promptly on the next working day following the exposure.
Post-exposure protocol is also presented in a graphic form in Appendix B.
Financial Responsibility
If the above protocol is followed, cost of medical services received for needle stick or body-fluid exposure will be reimbursed by UTRGV, up to $500 per case. The reimbursement shall be processed by the Student Health Services after the student submits a medical insurance claim receipt for the same case. In order to be eligible to receive the benefit, each UTRGV student must comply with the following requirements:
- Each student must consult the Student Health Services at 956-665-2511 immediately.
- Each student must seek reimbursement from the student's private insurance company first.
- The student must initiate the request for reimbursement from UTRGV within 30 days from the date the student 's insurance claim is approved/denied.
- Each student must provide the Student Health Services with a written report of the incident prior to making any request for reimbursement which must include time, date, and location of incident. The incident must relate to your clinical duties as a registered student at UTRGV.
APPENDIX B
UTRGV SOM Needlestick Protocol
Guidelines for Needle Stick and Body Fluid Exposures for UTRGV Students
Dates Reviewed or Amended
Approved by the Faculty Assembly on September 11, 2017.
Approved by the Central Curricular Authority Committee (CCAC) on August 23, 2017.
Reviewed, amended, and approved by the Central Curricular Authority Committee (CCAC) on September 27, 2017; August 25, 2021.
Approved by the Dean/Chief Academic Officer on December 21, 2017; August 26, 2021.
Revised by the Ad Hoc Committee on Policy on October 9, 2024
Reviewed, amended, and approved by Dean's Advisory Committee on October 24, 2024.
Approved by the Dean/Chief Academic Officer on November 20, 2024.